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Atomic: M.A.C. | Reference
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Nickel
Electrons per shell 2,8,16,2
Electron Configuration [Ar] 3d8 4s2 open electron config
Ground state 3F4
Atomic Volume 6.59 cm3 mol-1
Electronegativity 1.91
Magnetic ordering Ferromagnetic
Speed of sound 4900 m s-1
Thermal Properties
Enthalpy of Atomization 422.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion 17.6 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of Vaporisation 374.8 kJ mol-1
Heat Capacity 26.07 J mol-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity 90.9 W m-1 K-1
Thermal Expansion 13.4 μm m-1 K-1
Hardness
Brinell hardness 700 MPa
Mohs hardness 4.0
Vickers hardness 638 MPa
Elastic Properties
Bulk modulus 180 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.31
Shear modulus 76 GPa
Young's modulus 200 GPa
Electrical Properties
Electrical resistivity 7 x 10-8 Ω m
Electrical conductivity 0.143 106/cm Ω
Chemical Properties
Electrochemical Equivalent 1.095 g Ah-1
Electron Work Function 5.15 eV
Valence Electron Potential (-eV) 42
Ionization Potential  
First 7.635
Second 18.168
Third 35.17
Incompatibilities Strong acids, sulfur, selenium, wood (and other combustibles), nickel nitrate.
Flammability
Combustible Solid
Energy Levels
Kα1 (intensity 100) 7.47815 KeV
Kα2 (intensity 50) 7.46089 KeV
Kβ1 (intensity 20) 8.26466 KeV
Lα1 (intensity 100) 0.8515 KeV
Lα2 (intensity 15) 0.8515 KeV
Lβ1 (intensity 25.7) 0.8688 KeV
Lβ3 (intensity 1) 0.941 KeV
Lβ4 (intensity 1) 0.941 KeV
Lγ3 (intensity 12) 0.762 KeV
Ll (intensity 25) 0.743 KeV
Atomic Radii
Empirical 135 pm
Bohr Radius 149 pm
Covalent Radius 121 pm
Van der Waals 163 pm
Triple covalent 101 pm
Metallic 124 pm
Oxidation States
Main Ni+2
Other Ni-1, Ni0, Ni+1, Ni+3, Ni+4, Ni+6
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 736.7
M+ - M2+ 1735.0
M2+ - M3+ 3393
M3+ - M4+ 5300
M4+ - M5+ 7280
M5+ - M6+ 10400
M6+ - M7+ 12800
M7+ - M8+ 15600
M8+ - M9+ 18600
M9+ - M10+ 21660
Vapour Pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K
T (K) 1783 1950 2154 2410 2741 3184
Crystal Structure
Structure Cubic close packed
a = 352.4 pm
b = 352.4 pm
c = 352.4 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 90°